NixOS 配置说明

2023-12-19

2分钟阅读时长

Self Configuration

Import Configuration

以 sddm 为例，浅谈如何导入 nix 配置文件。

如下所示，在基本设置中导入 sddm-theme.nix 。

  # Enable the X11 windowing system.
  services = {
    xserver = {
      enable = true;

      # Enable the Plasma 5 Desktop Environment.
      displayManager ={
        sddm.enable = true;
        sddm.theme = "${import ./sddm-theme.nix { inherit pkgs;}}";
      };

      desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;

      # Enable touchpad support (enabled default in most desktopManager).
      libinput.enable = true;
    };
  };

在 sddm-theme.nix 中写入

  # sddm-theme-nix
  { pkgs }:

  let
    image = pkgs.fetchurl {
      url = "https://z1.ax1x.com/2023/11/18/piNMTFs.jpg";
      sha256 = "02pgyhmm42bdx31yn64vbmyx7cfnn89zswj40rwr32fdgz83bxy7";
    };
  in
  pkgs.stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "sddm-theme";
    # src = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
    #   owner = "MarianArlt";
    #   repo = "kde-plasma-chili";
    #   rev = "a371123959676f608f01421398f7400a2f01ae06";
    #   sha256 = "sha256-fWRf96CPRQ2FRkSDtD+N/baZv+HZPO48CfU5Subt854=";
    # };

    src = pkgs.fetchFromGitLab {
      domain = "framagit.org";
      owner = "MarianArlt";
      repo = "sddm-sugar-candy";
      #url = "https://framagit.org/MarianArlt/sddm-sugar-candy.git";
      rev = "2b72ef6c6f720fe0ffde5ea5c7c48152e02f6c4f";
      sha256 = "1db4p2d0k5a6avr7dg9h1r7y9mx711ci5dgwmljqjb8pq5b0a22y";
    };
    installPhase = ''
      mkdir -p $out
      cp -R ./* $out/ 
      cd $out/Backgrounds
      cp -r ${image} $out/Backgrounds/magenta.jpg
      cd $out
      sed -i 's/Background="Backgrounds\/Mountain.jpg"/Background="Backgrounds\/magenta.jpg"/g' theme.conf

    '';
      # the following are commented
  }

特别地，使用 SDDM 主题需要额外加上两个软件包：

  environment.systemPackage = with pkgs;[
    libsForQt5.qt5.qtquickcontrols2
    libsForQt5.qt5.qtgraphicaleffects
  ];

OverAttrs Configuration

下面的两个例子提供了软件包 overrideAttrs 的方法。

  environment.systemPackage = with pkgs;[
    # KDE Programs
    # latte-dock is out of date,let's override it.
    # Refer to https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/stable/#chap-overrides
    (latte-dock.overrideAttrs{
      version = "v0.10";
      src = fetchFromGitLab {
        domain = "invent.kde.org";
        owner = "plasma";
        repo = "latte-dock";
        rev = "a840ac6faa9acb1570f8fa016e7ac7f2e5686e90";
        sha256 = "sha256-+9ksvGB6IRlJ1PXsrLA5PuHFCHs80tkKPAu2iknNEAQ=";
      };
    })
  ];

如果希望对打包的过程进行修改，可以用 old 参数指代原有的步骤，并在后面附上需要添加的内容。

  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs-unstable;[
    # IDE
    (jetbrains.clion.overrideAttrs (old:{
      postFixup = ''
        ${old.postFixup}

        # add ja-netfilter
        cd $out/clion/bin
        echo '-javaagent:/home/leesin/Downloads/jetbra/ja-netfilter.jar=jetbrains' >> clion64.vmoptions
        echo '--add-opens=java.base/jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm=ALL-UNNAMED' >> clion64.vmoptions
        echo '--add-opens=java.base/jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.tree=ALL-UNNAMED' >> clion64.vmoptions
      '';
    }))
  ];

Concat List

连接列表有两种办法。

使用语法糖

  (with pkgs;[
    git
  ])++
  (with pkgs-unstable;[
    eza
  ])

使用库自带的函数

  lib.concatLists [
    (with pkgs;[
      git
    ])
    (with pkgs-unstable;[
      eza
    ])
  ];

Self Package

自行打的包记录如下：

  {   stdenv,
      fetchurl,
      dpkg,
      buildFHSUserEnv, 
      pkgs,
      makeWrapper,
      writeText,
      ...
  }:
  let
      baidunetdisk = stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
          pname = "baidunetdisk";
          version = "4.17.7";

          src = fetchurl{
              url = "http://wppkg.baidupcs.com/issue/netdisk/Linuxguanjia/${version}/baidunetdisk_${version}_amd64.deb";
              sha256 = "sha256-UOwY8FYmoT9X7wNGMEFtSBaCvBAYU58zOX1ccbxlOz0=";
          };
          nativeBuildInputs = [ dpkg  makeWrapper ];
          unpackPhase = "dpkg-deb -x ${src} .";

          # 菜单项
          desktopFile = writeText "baidunetdisk.desktop" ''
              [Desktop Entry]
              Name=baidunetdisk
              Name[zh_CN]=百度网盘
              Name[zh_TW]=百度网盘
              Exec=baidunetdisk --no-sandbox %U
              Terminal=false
              Type=Application
              Icon=baidunetdisk
              StartupWMClass=baidunetdisk
              Comment=百度网盘
              Comment[zh_CN]=百度网盘
              Comment[zh_TW]=百度网盘
              MimeType=x-scheme-handler/baiduyunguanjia;
              Categories=Network;
          '';

          installPhase = ''
              mkdir -p $out/opt/${pname}
              mkdir -p $out/share
              mkdir -p $out/bin
              cp -r ./usr/share/* $out/share
              rm $out/share/applications/${pname}.desktop
              install -Dm644 ${desktopFile} $out/share/applications/${pname}.desktop
              cp -r ./opt/${pname}/* $out/opt/${pname}
              chmod 644 $out/opt/${pname}/*.so
              makeWrapper $out/opt/${pname}/${pname} $out/bin/${pname} --set LD_LIBRARY_PATH $out/opt/${pname} --run "echo $out"
          '';
  };
  in
  buildFHSUserEnv {
      name = "${baidunetdisk.pname}";
      targetPkgs = pkgs:
          (with pkgs.xorg; [
              libX11
              libxcb
              libXcomposite
              libXcursor
              libXdamage
              libXext
              libXfixes
              libXi
              libXrandr
              libXrender
              libXScrnSaver
              libXtst ]) ++
          (with pkgs; [
              nss
              nspr
              atk
              alsa-lib
              cups
              at-spi2-atk
              dbus
              glib
              gdk-pixbuf
              gtk3-x11
              pango
              cairo 
              expat
              libdrm
              libxkbcommon
              libGL
              stdenv.cc.cc.lib
              mesa
              libudev0-shim
          ]) ++
          (with pkgs; [ ]) ++ [baidunetdisk];
      runScript = "/bin/${baidunetdisk.pname}";

  }