STM32 Clion Develop

2023-11-02
2分钟阅读时长

ToolChain

Embedded Toolchain

需要配置嵌入式编译工具链,它应该包括:

  1. arm-none-eabi-gcc
  2. arm-none-eabi-g++
  3. arm-none-eabi-ar
  4. arm-none-eabi-ld (bfd 链接方式)
  5. arm-none-eabi-gdb
  6. arm-none-eabi-nm
  7. arm-none-eabi-objcopy
  8. arm-none-eabi-objdump

在 NixOS 上配置工具链需要如下软件包:

  packages = with pkgs; [
    gcc-arm-embedded
  ];

在 Arch Linux 上需要安装如下软件包:

  pacman -S arm-none-eabi-bintils arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-gdb arm-none-eabi-newlib

其中, arm-none-eabi-newlib 是用于编译程序的库文件,脱离库文件无法正确生成可执行的文件。

OpenOCD

需要安装烧录和在线调试工具 OpenOCD(Open On-Chip Debugger) 以及连接工具 ST-Link(也可以是其他工具)

OpenOCD 的烧录需要配置相关的参数,以 cfg 格式记录在文件中。

  source [find interface/stlink.cfg]
  transport select hla_swd
  source [find target/stm32f7x.cfg]
  reset_config none
  adapter speed 10000 # 配置速率是必须的,否则无法正常完成下载

CLion

Transfer

对之前以 stm32cubeidestm32cubemx 开发的项目,可以方便地转化为 Clion 项目,转化的必要条件是:

  1. 项目包含 .cproject 等必要的项目描述文件
  2. 项目包含 STM32F767IGTX_FLASH.ld 等内存描述文件

转化的过程是:

  1. 直接用 clion 打开 stm32cubeide 项目
  2. 配置相关的 CMakeLists.txt 文件,主要是相关的编译工具链

    1. 方法一:将工具链目录加入 PATH
    2. 方法二:为工具链编写绝对路径
  3. 重启 Clion,依次选择 Tools → CMake → Reset Cache and Reload Project

CMakeLists

下面提供一份可用的 CMakeLists.txt 文件

  set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Generic)
  set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
  cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)

  # specify cross-compilers and tools
  set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-gcc)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER arm-none-eabi-g++)
  set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER  arm-none-eabi-gcc)
  set(CMAKE_AR arm-none-eabi-ar)
  set(CMAKE_OBJCOPY arm-none-eabi-objcopy)
  set(CMAKE_OBJDUMP arm-none-eabi-objdump)
  set(SIZE arm-none-eabi-size)
  set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY)

  # project settings
  project(<PROJECT_NAME> C CXX ASM) # Write your project name here
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)

  #Uncomment for hardware floating point
  #add_compile_definitions(ARM_MATH_CM4;ARM_MATH_MATRIX_CHECK;ARM_MATH_ROUNDING)
  add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
  add_link_options(-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16)
  # set FPU(Floating Point Unit) type to VFPv4
  # with support for single-precision and double-precision floating-point operations
  # along with 16 VFP registers.  
  # you can set -mfpu=fpu-dp instead,I have not tried yet.

  #Uncomment for software floating point
  #add_compile_options(-mfloat-abi=soft)

  add_compile_options(-mcpu=cortex-m7 -mthumb -mthumb-interwork)
  add_compile_options(-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fmessage-length=0)

  # uncomment to mitigate c++17 absolute addresses warnings
  #set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-register")

  # Enable assembler files preprocessing
  add_compile_options($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:ASM>:-x$<SEMICOLON>assembler-with-cpp>)
  # if the current compiled language is assembly,add compile options -x assembler-with-cpp

  if ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "Release")
      message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for speed")
      add_compile_options(-Ofast)
  elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "RelWithDebInfo")
      message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for speed, debug info included")
      add_compile_options(-Ofast -g)
  elseif ("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "MinSizeRel")
      message(STATUS "Maximum optimization for size")
      add_compile_options(-Os)
  else ()
      message(STATUS "Minimal optimization, debug info included")
      add_compile_options(-Og -g)
  endif ()

  include_directories(
    Core/Inc
    Drivers/STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver/Inc
    Drivers/STM32F7xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy
    Drivers/CMSIS/Include
    Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F7xx/Include
    Drivers/CMSIS/DSP/Include
    BSP/Inc
  )

  add_definitions(-DARM_MATH_CM7 -DDEBUG -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DSTM32F767xx)

  link_directories(Drivers/CMSIS/Lib/GCC)
  # the following link libraries depend on you
  # link_libraries(arm_cortexM7lfdp_math)

  file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES "Core/*.*" "Drivers/*.*" "BSP/*.*")
  # file(GLOB ...) is a command to add all source files in project

  # set link memory map
  set(LINKER_SCRIPT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/STM32F767IGTX_FLASH.ld)

  add_link_options(-Wl,-gc-sections,--print-memory-usage,-Map=${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.map)
  add_link_options(-mcpu=cortex-m7 -mthumb -mthumb-interwork -u _printf_float)
  add_link_options(-T ${LINKER_SCRIPT})

  add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}.elf ${SOURCES} ${LINKER_SCRIPT})

  set(HEX_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.hex)
  set(BIN_FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}.bin)

  add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}.elf POST_BUILD
          COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Oihex $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${HEX_FILE}
          COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -Obinary $<TARGET_FILE:${PROJECT_NAME}.elf> ${BIN_FILE}
          COMMENT "Building ${HEX_FILE} Building ${BIN_FILE}")

Test

ToolChain

  1. 依次选择 Settings → Build,Execution,Deployment → ToolChains
  2. 依次设置各个工具(如不在 PATH 中则需要配置路径)

Download & Run

  1. 在配置部分新增 "OpenOCD Download and Run" 配置
  2. GDB Port 处默认是 3333
  3. Board Config file 部分增加对应的 "stlink.cfg"

Debug

  1. 在配置部分新增 "Embedded GDB Server" 配置
  2. Debugger 处写 arm-none-eabi-gdb 的可执行路径
  3. Target Remote 处写 OpenOCD 对应 GDB 的端口,默认是 localhost:3333
  4. GDB Server 处写 OpenOCD 的可执行路径
  5. GDB Server args 处写 stlink.cfg 的内容,用 -f 参数分隔,如 -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32f7x.cfg
  6. 在代码中加入断点,开始调试, 并按下开发板的复位按钮

如果遇到端口被占用(如之前 openocd 启动了但没有正确退出等情况),可用命令查看占用详情,并对对应的程序作终止处理。

  netstat -ltnp | grep 6666 # openocd 默认会占用6666端口
  ss -ltnp | grep 6666 # Arch Linux已弃用net-tools,改用iproute2
  kill -9 <pid>

SVD

  1. 在意法半导体官网下载对应芯片的 SVD 文件
  2. 在 Clion 调试中加载 SVD 文件
  3. 调试时可以显示对应外设的状态和相关的值
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